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Józef Piłsudski was a Polish patriot and statesman who devoted his life to the realization of an independent Polish nation but ultimately could not tolerate independent Poles. His career was a triumph of ability and will against tremendous odds. He did not choose to become the leader of Polish independence; that role was thrust upon him.

Józef Klemens Piłsudski was born in the Russian-controlled portion of Poland in 1867. His family was poor but aristocratic, being descended from Lithuanian princes, but thoroughly Polish. He attended secondary school in what is now Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. After secondary school he enrolled in 1885 in a medical school in Kharkov in the Ukraine. The school authorities became aware of his hatred for the Russian Empire and suspended him in 1886 as being politically unreliable. He returned to Vilnius and became acquainted with political radicals there. He read the socialist literature, including Marx's writings.

The Czarist police uncovered a plot among some of the Vilnius radicals to assassinate Czar Alexander III.

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One of the most important figures in Polish history, Jozef Pilsudski was born on December 5, 1867 in Zulow, near Wilno (now Vilnius). For indirect involvement in the plot against the life of Tsar Alexander III, he was exiled to Siberia for five years. On his return he began working for the socialists and became the most important activist in the Polish Socialist Party, the publisher of Robotnik, its periodical, and the author of the party’s programs and policies. Arrested in February 1900, he succeeded in escaping from the St. Petersburg prison hospital. To take advantage of the impending war between Russia and Japan, Pilsudski decided to build up the military wing of the Polish Socialist Party and to appeal for the help of Japan, which led to his trip there in 1904. In 1908, Pilsudski encouraged the formation of the Organization for Armed Struggle and other paramilitary organizations to take advantage of the coming conflict between Austro-Hungary and Russia. He planned to provoke an anti-Russian uprising by invading with his riflemen the kingdom of Poland, then a Russian

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Józef Piłsudski

Polish statesman (1867–1935)

"Pilsudski" redirects here. For other uses, see Pilsudski (disambiguation).

Józef Klemens Piłsudski^[a] (Polish:[ˈjuzɛfˈklɛmɛnspiwˈsutskʲi]^ⓘ; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland (from 1920). In the aftermath of World War I, he became an increasingly dominant figure in Polish politics and exerted significant influence on shaping the country's foreign policy. Piłsudski is viewed as a father of the Second Polish Republic, which was re-established in 1918, 123 years after the final partition of Poland in 1795, and was considered de facto leader (1926–1935) of the Second Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.

Seeing himself as a descendant of the culture and traditions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Piłsudski believed in a multi-ethnic Poland—"a home of nations" including indigenous ethnic and religious minorities. Early in his political career, Piłsudski became a leader of the Polish Socialist Party. Believing